Общая формула: формы глагола be в нужном времени + V3 (3-я форма).
Преобразование активного в пассивное:
- Active: Many people read this book. — Многие люди читают эту книгу.
- Passive: This book is read by many people. — Эта книга читается многими.
Прямое дополнение становится подлежащим; подлежащее (если упомянуто) — с предлогом by.
Passive в основных временах:
| Время |
Active |
Passive |
| Present Simple |
writes |
is/are written |
| Present Continuous |
is writing |
is/are being written |
| Past Simple |
wrote |
was/were written |
| Past Continuous |
was writing |
was/were being written |
| Present Perfect |
has written |
has/have been written |
| Past Perfect |
had written |
had been written |
| Future Simple |
will write |
will be written |
| Modal |
must write |
must be written |
Примеры:
- The letter was written yesterday. — Письмо было написано вчера.
- The house is being built now. — Дом сейчас строится.
- The work has been done. — Работа сделана.
- English is spoken in many countries. — На английском говорят во многих странах.
- The cake will be eaten by the children. — Торт будет съеден детьми.
Когда использовать пассив:
- Деятель неизвестен или неважен: My wallet was stolen.
- Акцент на объекте/действии, не на исполнителе.
- В новостях, инструкциях, научных текстах.