Пассивный залог (Passive Voice): когда и как использовать?

Question

Когда нужен Passive Voice? Формула? Примеры: The book was written by Tolstoy. English is spoken here.

Accepted Answer

Passive — когда важно действие/объект, а не исполнитель. Формула: be (в нужном времени) + V3 (третья форма). Исполнитель — с by, инструмент — с with. — Passive Voice — страдательный залог. Используется, когда: - Исполнитель неизвестен: My bike was stolen (Велосипед украли — неважно кто). - Исполнитель очевиден: He was arrested (Его арестовали — понятно, что полиция). - Хотим подчеркнуть объект: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo (главное — картина). - Научный/официальный стиль: The experiment was conducted in 2024. Формула: be (в нужном времени) + V3 (Past Participle). Таблица времён: | Время | Active | Passive | |-------|--------|---------| | Present Simple | He writes letters | Letters are written | | Past Simple | He wrote letters | Letters were written | | Future Simple | He will write | Letters will be written | | Present Continuous | He is writing | Letters are being written | | Past Continuous | He was writing | Letters were being written | | Present Perfect | He has written | Letters have been written | | Past Perfect | He had written | Letters had been written | | Modal verbs | He must write | Letters must be written | Примеры: - The book was written by Tolstoy in 1869. — Книга написана Толстым в 1869. - English is spoken in many countries. — На английском говорят во многих странах. - The house is being built now. — Дом сейчас строят. - The window has been broken. — Окно разбито (только что). - This problem should be solved. — Эту проблему следует решить. By + исполнитель (опционально): - The poem was written by Pushkin. With + инструмент: - The window was broken with a stone. (камнем). Преобразование Active → Passive: 1. Объект (дополнение) активного → подлежащее пассивного. 2. Глагол → be + V3 (то же время). 3. Подлежащее активного → by + … (или опустить). Tom (subj) wrote (verb) a letter (obj). → A letter was written (by Tom). В ЕГЭ задания 19-25: часто нужно поставить глагол в Passive, если подлежащее НЕ выполняет действие.

Пассивный залог (Passive Voice): когда и как использовать?

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Время	Active	Passive
Present Simple	He writes letters	Letters are written
Past Simple	He wrote letters	Letters were written
Future Simple	He will write	Letters will be written
Present Continuous	He is writing	Letters are being written
Past Continuous	He was writing	Letters were being written
Present Perfect	He has written	Letters have been written
Past Perfect	He had written	Letters had been written
Modal verbs	He must write	Letters must be written